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激光測距傳感器編程實戰，從原理到代碼解析

  • 時間：2024-06-26 12:34:37
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引言

隨(sui)著科(ke)技的(de)不斷(duan)發展(zhan)，激(ji)光(guang)測距(ju)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)已經成為(wei)了(le)許(xu)多領域的(de)必備工具。它可以測量物體與傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)之(zhi)間的(de)距(ju)離，為(wei)我們提供了(le)豐富的(de)信息。本文將(jiang)為(wei)您介紹激(ji)光(guang)測距(ju)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)基(ji)本原理，并通過實際案例演示如何(he)編寫代碼來實現對激(ji)光(guang)測距(ju)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)功能控制。

一(yi)、激光測距傳感器基本原(yuan)理

1. 工作原理

激光測距傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)利用激光發(fa)射器(qi)(qi)發(fa)出的激光束，經過(guo)物體(ti)反(fan)射后返回至(zhi)傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)，通過(guo)計算(suan)激光束往返時間(jian)，即可得(de)到(dao)物體(ti)與傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)之間(jian)的距離。這種方式具有高精(jing)度、抗干擾(rao)性強等優點(dian)。

2. 工作流程

(1)激光發射器(qi)發出(chu)激光束；

(2)激光束遇到物(wu)體后發生(sheng)反射；

(3)激光束(shu)返回至傳感(gan)器；

(4)計算激光束往返(fan)時(shi)間，得到物(wu)體距離。

二、編(bian)寫代碼實(shi)現激(ji)光測距功能

以Arduino平臺為例，我們可(ke)以使用HC-SR04無線(xian)超聲波模塊來實現激光測距功能。以下是一(yi)個簡(jian)單的示例代碼(ma)：

```cpp

#include

#include

#define TRIGGER_PIN 12 // Arduino pin tied to trigger pin on the ultrasonic sensor.

#define ECHO_PIN 11  // Arduino pin tied to echo pin on the ultrasonic sensor.

#define MAX_DISTANCE 200 // Maximum distance we want to ping for (in meters). Maximum sensor distance is rated at 400-500 meters.

NewPing sonar(TRIGGER_PIN, ECHO_PIN, MAX_DISTANCE); // NewPing setup of pins and maximum distance.

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600); // Open serial monitor at 9600 bits per second for debugging.

}

void loop() {

delay(50); // Wait 50ms between pings (about 20 pings/sec). 29ms should be the shortest delay between pings. longest delay is about 120ms. Most UNO's can handle this rate nicely. But if you have an ARM Cortex-M3 or M4 processor with less than 224MHz of CPU speed it will take longer (up to 200ms). For more info see the NewPing documentation: //arduino-ccm.github.io/lib_newping/NewPing.html#delayBetweenPings

unsigned int uS = sonar.ping(); // Send ping, get ping time in microseconds (uS). Use delayMicroseconds to wait for the echo's duration in microseconds. The duration is always the same regardless of what frequency you send at. If you want to measure frequency try changing the speed of the motor on the trig pin (e.g. using a motor driver that lets you set it from 1Khz to 200Khz). This way you can compare the time it takes to bounce off obstacles at different frequencies. Note that you can also use a higher resolution timer like the hardware timer or one of the libraries designed for that purpose (TimerOne.h or NRF52TimeStamper).

//Serial.print("Ping time:"); Serial.println(uS/1000); // Convert microseconds to seconds and print result to serial monitor. See NewPing documentation for more details: //arduino-ccm.github.io/lib_newping/NewPing.html#pingUShortTimeInUS()

unsigned int distanceUinBytes = sonar.getDistanceUinBytes(); // get distance in cm from last ping by reading value from array sent by NewPing library when data is collected (see data array documentation for more details). The array is two bytes long and contains high byte first then low byte: //github.com/adafruit/NewPing/blob/master/README.md#dataarray

//Serial.print("Distance:"); Serial.print((distanceUinBytes*0.03937)/100); // Convert distance from centimeters to meters and print result to serial monitor. See NewPing documentation for more details: //arduino-ccm.github.io/lib_newping/NewPing.html#getDistanceUinBytes()

}

```

三、總結

您已經了解(jie)了激光測距(ju)傳(chuan)感器的(de)(de)基(ji)本原理以及如何在Arduino平臺上編寫代碼實現其功能。在實際應用中(zhong)，您可(ke)以根據需(xu)要對(dui)代碼進行(xing)修改和優化，以滿足不同的(de)(de)需(xu)求。希望本文(wen)能對(dui)您的(de)(de)項(xiang)目有所幫助！

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