激光测距传感器在Arduino项目中的应用

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激光測距傳感器在Arduino項目中的應用

時間：2024-06-07 09:39:15
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隨著科技(ji)的(de)(de)發展，越來越多的(de)(de)創新(xin)設(she)備進入(ru)了我(wo)們的(de)(de)生(sheng)活。其(qi)中，激光(guang)測距傳感(gan)器和(he)(he)Arduino結合在(zai)一起(qi)，為(wei)我(wo)們的(de)(de)生(sheng)活帶來了極大的(de)(de)便(bian)利。本(ben)文(wen)將介紹如何使用(yong)(yong)Arduino和(he)(he)激光(guang)測距傳感(gan)器制作一個簡單的(de)(de)距離(li)測量儀，幫(bang)助您了解這種技(ji)術的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)場景(jing)及其(qi)優勢。

一、什么是激光測距傳感器？

激(ji)光測距(ju)傳感器是一(yi)種可以測量(liang)距(ju)離的裝置。它通過發射(she)激(ji)光脈沖，然后接收反射(she)回來的激(ji)光脈沖，從而計算出目(mu)標物體(ti)與傳感器之間的距(ju)離。激(ji)光測距(ju)傳感器具有(you)精度高(gao)、抗干擾性(xing)強(qiang)、測量(liang)范圍廣等優點，因此在很多領域都有(you)廣泛(fan)的應用。

二、Arduino簡介

Arduino是一(yi)款開源電子原型平臺，專(zhuan)為(wei)(wei)藝術家、愛好者(zhe)和專(zhuan)業人士(shi)設(she)計。它(ta)集成(cheng)了(le)微控制(zhi)器(Microcontroller)、編程語言(Processing)、硬件(jian)開發板(Arduino Uno)等(deng)組(zu)件(jian)，使(shi)得(de)用(yong)戶可以輕松地(di)制(zhi)作各種交互式設(she)備。Arduino非常適合(he)初(chu)學者(zhe)入門，因為(wei)(wei)它(ta)的學習曲線較為(wei)(wei)平緩，而且有著(zhu)豐富的社區支持。

三(san)、激(ji)光(guang)測距傳(chuan)感器與(yu)Arduino的結合

將激光(guang)測(ce)(ce)距傳感器與Arduino結合在一(yi)起，可(ke)以(yi)實現很(hen)多(duo)有(you)趣的功能(neng)(neng)。例如，我們(men)可(ke)以(yi)制作一(yi)個(ge)簡單(dan)的距離測(ce)(ce)量儀，用于測(ce)(ce)量人與物(wu)品之間的距離；還可(ke)以(yi)制作一(yi)個(ge)智能(neng)(neng)家(jia)(jia)居系統，通過激光(guang)測(ce)(ce)距傳感器檢測(ce)(ce)家(jia)(jia)庭成(cheng)員(yuan)的位(wei)置，從(cong)而實現自動燈光(guang)控(kong)制、智能(neng)(neng)門鎖等功能(neng)(neng)。

四、實例：使用Arduino和(he)激(ji)光測距(ju)(ju)傳感(gan)器(qi)制(zhi)作(zuo)距(ju)(ju)離測量儀(yi)

下面(mian)我們將(jiang)(jiang)以一個(ge)簡單的距(ju)離測(ce)量(liang)儀為例(li)(li)，演示如何使(shi)用(yong)Arduino和(he)激光測(ce)距(ju)傳感器進行編(bian)程。在這個(ge)例(li)(li)子中(zhong)，我們將(jiang)(jiang)使(shi)用(yong)V-USB連接(jie)器將(jiang)(jiang)Arduino與電(dian)腦連接(jie)起(qi)來。

1. 準備材料(liao)：Arduino開發(fa)板、激光測距傳(chuan)感(gan)器、杜邦線若干。

2. 連接(jie)(jie)電路：將激光測距(ju)傳感器的(de)VCC引(yin)(yin)腳連接(jie)(jie)到Arduino的(de)5V引(yin)(yin)腳，GND引(yin)(yin)腳連接(jie)(jie)到Arduino的(de)GND引(yin)(yin)腳，Trig引(yin)(yin)腳連接(jie)(jie)到Arduino的(de)數字輸(shu)入(ru)引(yin)(yin)腳9(如D2),Echo引(yin)(yin)腳連接(jie)(jie)到Arduino的(de)數字輸(shu)入(ru)引(yin)(yin)腳10(如D3)。

3. 編寫程(cheng)序(xu)：打開(kai)Arduino IDE,新建一個項目(mu)，將(jiang)以下代(dai)(dai)碼(ma)粘貼到代(dai)(dai)碼(ma)編輯器中(zhong)：

```cpp

#include

#define TRIGGER_PIN 9 // Arduino pin tied to trigger pin on the ultrasonic sensor.

#define ECHO_PIN 10 // Arduino pin tied to echo pin on the ultrasonic sensor.

#define MAX_DISTANCE 200 // Maximum distance we want to ping for (in centimeters). Maximum sensor distance is rated at 400-500cm.

NewPing sonar(TRIGGER_PIN, ECHO_PIN, MAX_DISTANCE); // NewPing setup of pins and maximum distance.

void setup() { // Runs once when you press reset or power the board.

Serial.begin(9600); // Open serial monitor at 9600 baud to see results below: Serial.begin(9600);

}

void loop() { // runs over and over again forever:

delay(50); // waits 50 milliseconds between each ping for a more accurate measurement. You may change this to be faster if you need the response time to be quicker.

unsigned int uS = sonar.ping_cm(); // Send ping, get ping time in microseconds (uS)

if (uS == MAX_DISTANCE + 1) { // If we don't get a response from sonar within the timeout period (MAX_TIMEOUT), then return. // See below for an explanation of how to determine whether or not you have encountered an object in your environment.

Serial.println(F("Timeout")); // Say something nice to let us know there was a problem

} else if (uS > 0 && uS <= MAX_DISTANCE) { // If we get a response from the sonar and it is less than the maximum distance (MAX_DISTANCE), then: // The following line tells us that we are getting good data from our sonar! // It will also tell us the distance to the object we are trying to measure! // So we can print out some useful information about our measurements here:

float distance = uS * 0.0343/2; // Convert the distance from cm into meters // We use another constant because the speed of sound in air is different at these two scales (m/s vs cm/s). // This gives us a more accurate conversion than dividing by just one number. // See below for why we divide by both numbers. // Print out some information: // This will be shown on serial output only. You can change this to put it on the screen like the setup above instead. // Note that this code uses integer math because the "/" operator does integer division on the Arduino Due: Serial.print(uS); Serial.print("cm ("); Serial.print(distance); Serial.println("m)"); // End of message } else if (uS >= MAX_DISTANCE+1){ // If we do not get a reply from our sonar within MAX_TIMEOUT, then there is probably an obstacle in front of the sonar. // This can happen for several reasons such as: objects blocking the path of the sonar, etc. // To fix this problem, try moving your sonar around until it finds an open space to transmit its signal. // You could also try using a longer wire between the sonar and your Arduino if there is interference along the way. Serial.println(F("Obstacle")); } }

```